Ladder diagrams are to be thought of as virtual circuits, where virtual “power” flows through virtual “contacts” (when closed) to energize virtual “relay coils” to perform logical functions. ![]() While Ladder Diagram programming has many shortcomings in its effort to remain more simplified, it remains extremely popular and so will be the primary focus of this chapter.Įvery Ladder Diagram program is arranged to resemble an electrical diagram, making this a graphical (rather than text-based) programming language. This language was invented for the express purpose of making PLC programming feel “natural” to electricians familiar with relay-based logic and control circuits. This is a graphical language showing the logical relationships between inputs and outputs as though they were contacts and coils in a hard-wired electromechanical relay circuit. ![]() ![]() In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as Relay Ladder Logic.
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